Paper Writing Services of VoIP technologies. Explain the basic functionality of an audio codec. Determine parameters that are typically used for comparing audio codecs. Analyze

Define the PSTN erarchy and key components of the network. Explain telephony terms such as E.164 numbering plan, Telecommunications Act of 1996, Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF), special information tones, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), local loop/last mile, and demarcation point. Evaluate PSTN user experience from technical perspective, such as sound quality and call setup delay. Describe enterprise telephony systems and services, such as PBX, Automatic Call Distribution (ACD), and Centrex, and compare their operations, core features, and functionality. Describe hardware and software components of a legacy circuit-switched PBX. Analyze the pros and cons of circuit-switched PBX systems. Discuss advantages of packet switcng as compared to circuit switcng, and recognize the driving force bend network convergence. Discuss disadvantages of packet switcng as compared to circuit switcng, and identify challenges of VoIP technologies. Explain the basic functionality of an audio codec. Determine parameters that are typically used for comparing audio codecs. Analyze trade-offs, for example, bandwidth consumption versus accumulated delay versus voice quality, when choosing audio codecs for a deployment scenario. Explain the encapsulation and transmission process of voice traffic in VoIP. Discuss the potential impact of voice packet payload size on capacity design and VoIP performance. Explain the reason that voice traffic is carried over UDP, not TCP. Evaluate ways to reduce VoIP bandwidth consumption, such as header compression and Voice Activity Detection (VAD). Describe the role of RTCP in VoIP, and interpret sender’s report and receiver’s report. Discuss the story and functionality of VoIP control signaling such as SIP, H.323, and MEGACO. Describe the role of VoIP server or gatekeeper. Illustrate a typical call processing procedure using SIP. Describe telephone and PBX features, such as telepresence and unified messaging, that are made available by VoIP. Assess limitations of VoIP E911 as compared to traditional landline E911 service. Describe the role of signaling gateway in VoIP. Describe the role of media gateway in VoIP. Compare PBX trunk options such as analog, digital, and SIP trunks. Choose traffic or queuing models, such as Erlang B and Erlang C, to formulate the relationsp among Grade of Service (GoS), traffic load, and trunk capacity of a local telephony system. Estimate trunk capacity of a local telephony system. Estimate capacity of WAN connections for voice traffic among multiple branch locations. Define and quantify typical QoS criteria of voice traffic. Explain traffic prioritization on network devices such as switches and routers. Analyze limitations of prioritization on providing QoS to voice traffic. Define network performance attributes that correlate with voice quality. Discuss the role of baselining and trending on network performance monitoring. Estimate one-way end-to-end delay in VoIP. Discuss security vulnerabilities of a typical VoIP system. Propose and evaluate best practices for voice traffic security. Conduct cost analysis of deploying a VoIP system such as capital cost, monthly recurring changes, and Return on Investment (ROI). Conduct data network analysis to assess upgrading required by VoIP services. Plan an enterprise VoIP system by applying knowledge on traffic engineering, VoIP control signaling, VoIP hardware/software, etc.